Fall is a prime season for planting and transplanting perennials, roses, and shrubs. The cooler temperatures allow roots to establish and strengthen before the dormant winter months without having to focus on leaf production. With the right approach, fall planting can lead to a healthier, more vibrant garden when spring arrives.
Here are some essential tips to ensure your fall gardening efforts are successful:
1. Choose the Right Plants
Opt for plants that are well-suited to our local climate and soil condition. In eastern Nebraska, we have been traditionally classified as zone 5, and so only plant perennials, trees and shrubs that are hardy to zone 5 winters. Though some groups think the Omaha area has moved to a zone 6, recent harsh winters show otherwise.
2. Prepare the Soil
Proper soil preparation ensures your plants have the necessary nutrients to establish strong roots. Test your soil’s pH and nutrient levels to determine if any amendments are required. Most plants thrive in slightly acidic to neutral soil, with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Incorporate organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil structure, enhance drainage, and boost fertility. If you have trees that suffer from chlorosis, this is often due to high pH, and low Iron.
3. Plant at the Right Time
Timing is essential to maximize the chances of your plants thriving through the winter. Early fall is the best time for transplanting, as it gives plants ample time to adjust to their new environment. Aim to plant at least six weeks before the first expected frost in your area, if possible. Evergreens often can be planted till the middle of October, while deciduous trees and shrubs can be safely planted into November.
4. Dig the Right Hole
Whether planting or relocating, you should dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and as deep as the plant was growing before. This encourages roots to spread outward, promoting stability and healthy growth. Loosen the soil around the hole to help the roots penetrate more easily. Also, avoid planting too deeply, as this can lead to waterlogging and root rot. Make sure you do not plant trees or shrubs that are currently root bound in their pots.
5. Water Properly
Proper watering ensures your plants have the moisture they need to develop strong roots. After planting, water thoroughly to settle the soil and eliminate air pockets around the roots. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged throughout the fall. You can reduce the watering frequency as temperatures drop, but don’t allow the soil to dry completely. Ideally, new plants should be watered every other day for 2-3 weeks, then 2-3 time per week till the ground is frozen. If we have a dry winter, and a warm day appears, pull the garden hose out and water those newly planted plants.
6. Mulch for Protection
Mulching provides a protective barrier that supports healthy growth. A 2- to 3-inch layer of organic mulch — such as shredded leaves, bark, or straw — helps conserve moisture, regulate soil temperature, and prevent weed growth. It also protects plant roots from extreme temperature fluctuations during the winter. Be sure to keep mulch a few inches away from the stems to prevent rot and disease.
7. Prune as Needed
Before planting or transplanting, remove any damaged or diseased branches to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Light pruning can also help shape shrubs and roses, encouraging better airflow and reducing the risk of fungal infections. Avoid heavy pruning in September, as it can stimulate new growth that may not have time to harden off before winter. October tends to be a fine time to do heavy pruning in eastern Nebraska.
8. Monitor for Pests and Diseases
Regularly inspect your plants for signs of trouble, such as discolored leaves, holes in foliage, or unusual growths; apply treatments as needed. In addition, maintain a clean garden by removing fallen leaves and debris that can harbor pests.
9. Prepare for Winter
As fall transitions into winter, protecting your plants from harsh weather is important. In regions with severe winters, consider additional protection, such as burlap wraps for roses and shrubs. For perennials, especially those sensitive to cold, add extra mulch or straw around the base to insulate the roots. For evergreens, consider using an anti desiccant such as Wilt Pruf.
Well Rooted Gardens: Your Partner for Effective Fall Planting and Care
At Well Rooted Gardens, we recognize that successful fall planting and transplanting are essential for a thriving garden. Our team provides expert advice, customized planting solutions, and ongoing care to keep your garden healthy during the cooler months and beyond. With over 20 years of experience in the Omaha area, we know how to create a garden that flourishes throughout every season.
Give your garden the care it deserves this fall! Contact us today or call 402-800-7389 to schedule a consultation.